In quantum computing, fault tolerance isn’t a single threshold—it depends on which errors you’re dealing with.

➥Depolarizing noise on data qubits? Threshold ~19%.
➥Add measurement errors? Now it’s ~3%.
➥Add ancilla qubit errors and noise on gates? Now it’s just ~1%.

We can also have
➥Erasure errors
➥Leakage errors
➥Fusion failure, scattering, charge noise and other errors for different platforms

The physics of your qubits determines the dominant errors—and that shapes which error correction codes will work.

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